In addition to the vast array of environmental consequences that are predicted to result from global warming, scientists at Yale Univeristy have speculated that we could also see increases in the prevalence and severity of certain infectious diseases, including Lyme Disease. The reason for this stems from the fact that changes in prevailing seasonal patterns could bring about shifts in the life cycle of deer ticks, the primary source of infection for humans.

Deer ticks live for about two years and go through three distinct phases during this time: a larval, nymph, and adult stage. In order to advance to the next level, the tick must consume a blood meal from a host, after which it drops off and then matures.

While the tick is not born infected with the Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that causes Lyme Disease, it contracts it (and becomes a carrier) when the larva feeds on an infected host, including rodents, birds, and deer. During its second stage as a nymph, it will once again attach to an animal for feeding and pass the bacteria onto the new host.

The severity of the actual Lyme infection can be influenced by the seasonal cycles, which can vary significantly by geographic region. For instance, in the Northeast, where Lyme Disease is prevalent, there is a long period between the larval and nymphal feeding stages due to the weather. This gap creates a longer feeding window that can give rise to a more persistent bacterial strain and, as a result, more serious manifestations of the disease.

In the Midwest, on the other hand, where temperature extremes create a much shorter window for feeding, there is a smaller gap of time. As a result, Midwestern reservoirs for Lyme Disease (including wildlife and ticks) apparently have less persistent strains of the bacteria and thus, fewer cases.

When global warming enters the picture, however, the Midwest could begin to see milder temperature fluctuations which could lead weather patterns like those in the Northeast. Consequently, they, too, could begin to see similar outbreaks of Lyme disease.

Scientists have long accepted the idea that climate change could affect the distribution of insect born illnesses, which also include malaria. What is interesting about these findings is that it is the first time that they have examined how it might affect the severity of a disease, as well.

All of which highlights the importance of being vigilant about checking for ticks during the summer months, wherever you live. Take the proper preventative measures with your pets, and check your children and yourself regularly after spending time outdoors. If you find a tick, follow the proper guidelines to remove it, or contact an expert.

For more information on Lyme Disease, talk to your physician and check out International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society and Turn The Corner Foundation.